INDICATORS OF POVERTY
1..life expectancy
2..nomber of meal for day
3..energy comsuption
4..housing condition
5..level of technology
6.. mortality rate
7..dependant syndrome
8..Population growth
9..Pa capital income
CAUSES OF POVERTY
1...negative cultural practice
2..colonialism
3..low level of science and technology
4..poor means of transport and communication
5..diseases
6..bad government policy
8..corruption
9..natural calamities
10..low level of education
11..poor pa capital income
STRATEGIES FOR POVERTY REDUCTION IN TANZANIA
1..better family planning
2..loans provision
3..international cooperation
4..mass education
5..support local industries
6..transparent and accountability
7..working hard
8..provision of social services
9..altenative source of energy
10..inviromental concervation
11..establishment of development programmes….eg mkukuta, mkurabita, primary education development program ( PEDP)
12..abolition of primary fees
THE STRATEGIES IN PLACE FOR POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN TANZANIA
BACKGROUND
Development strategies in Tanzania 1961 to mid 1900’s to independence majority in Tanzania lived in rural areas..they owned individual small ports grown food crops and sometimes in dry areas they could have live stock rearing…..however it was poor and done communal
RESULT
It result into overgrazing and serious soil erosion
FOUR APROACHES TO RURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT HAVE BEEN ATTEMPT IN TANZANIA MAIN LAND
1…focal point approach
2…development or transformation approach
samahani sehem hii ina matatizo
Peace, Stability and Unity
A nation should enjoy peace, political stability, national unity and social cohesion in an environment of democracy and political and social tolerance. Although Tanzania
Good Governance
A Well Educated and Learning Society
- Attain self reliance driven by the psychological liberation of the mindset and the people's sense of confidence in order to enable the effective determination and ownership of the development agenda with the primary objective of satisfying the basic needs of all the people - men, women and children.
- Be a nation whose people have a positive mindset and a culture which cherishes human development through hard work, professionalism, entrepreneurship, creativity, innovativeness and ingenuity and who have confidence in and high respect for all people irrespective of gender. The people must cultivate a community spirit; one which, however, is appropriately balanced with respect for individual initiative
- Be a nation with high quality of education at all levels; a nation which produces the quantity and quality of educated people sufficiently equipped with the requisite knowledge to solve the society's problems, meet the challenges of development and attain competitiveness at regional and global levels.
A strong and Competitive economy
hnological conditions in the regional and global economy
THEThe Tanzania Vision 2025 aims at achieving a high quality livelihood for its people. attain good governance through the rule of law and develop a strong and competitive economy. It is envisioned that the following specific achievements would be attainable by the year 2025: High quality Livelihood
A high quality livelihood for all Tanzanians is expected to be attained through strategies which ensure the realisation of the following goals:
- Food self-sufficiency and food security.
- Universal primary education, the eradication of illiteracy and the attainment of a level of tertiary education and training that is commensurate with a critical mass of high quality human resources required to effectively respond and master the development challenges at all levels.
- Gender equality and the empowerment of women in all socio-economic and political relations and cultures.
- Access to quality primary health care for all.
- Access to quality reproductive health services for all individuals of appropriate ages.
- Reduction in infant and maternal mortality rates by three-quarters of current levels.
· Universal access to safe water.
- Life expectancy comparable to the level attained by typical middle income countries.
- Absence of abject poverty
3.2 Good Governance and the Rule of Law
It is desired that the Tanzanian society should be characterized by:
· Desirable moral and cultural uprightness.
· Strong adherence to and respect for the rule of law
· Absence of corruption and other vices.
· A learning society which is confident, learns from its own development
experience and that of others and owns and determines its own development agenda.
experience and that of others and owns and determines its own development agenda.
3.3 A Strong and Competitive Economy
The economy is expected to have the following characteristics:
- A diversified and semi-industrialized economy with a substantial industrial sector comparable to typical middle-income countries.
- Macroeconomic stability manifested by a low inflation economy and basic macroeconomic balances.
- A growth rate of 8% per annum or more.
- An adequate level of physical infrastructure needed to cope with the requirements of the Vision in all sectors.
- An active and competitive player in the regional and world markets, with the capacity to articulate and promote national interests and to adjust quickly to regional and global market shifts.
Among the strategies for the realization of this goal are the following
i. Sound macroeconomic management
Reorientation of the role of government and the enhancement of its core competence in providing leadership through public policy deserves the highest priority. The aim being to ensure stability, continuity and predictability of the environment in which economic decisions are made. There is need to put in place a sound and stable macroeconomic environment recognizing the prime importance of getting the macroeconomic fundamentals right and their resultant role in attaining high levels of domestic savings and investment, promoting price stability and the management of macroeconomic balances to ensure that the Tanzanian society does not live beyond its means.
ii. Infrastructural development
Investment in infrastructure must be accorded the highest priority and be spearheaded by the government. This investment must also involve the private sector and communities generally. In particular, the development of the road network is absolutely essential for promoting rural development. Investment in energy, water and telecommunications is also central to the stimulation of local and foreign investment and for creating wealth and employment-generating activities.
iii. Promotion of science and technology education
The education system must instill a science and technology culture from its lowest levels, giving a high standard of education to all children between the age of 6 to 15. Basic sciences and mathematics must be accorded signal importance in keeping with the demands of the modern technological age. Science and technology education and awareness of its applications for promoting and enhancing productivity should permeate the whole society through continuous learning and publicity campaigns.
iv. Promotion of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs)
Advanced micro-electronic information and communication technologies (ICTs) are central to competitive social and economic transformation. ICT costs are continuing to fall while their capabilities and resultant profitability enhancements are increasing.
These technologies are a major driving force for the realization of Vision. They should be harnessed persistently in all sectors of the economy and should be put to benefit of all social groups with a view to enabling the meeting of basic needs of the people, increasing productivity and promoting competitiveness.
The new opportunities which the ICTs are opening up can be harnessed to meet the goals of the Vision. However, appropriate skills and capabilities would have to be put in place. This task demands that adequate investments are made to improve the quality of science based education and to create a knowledge society generally.
v. The utilization of domestic resources
The mobilization and effective utilization of domestic resources (natural, financial and human) is the foundation on which the realization of the Vision rests. These resources should be utilized to build adaptive capacity for promoting economic activities that enjoy comparative and competitive advantages with a view to minimize the impact of external economic shifts and shocks.
vi. Transformation of the economy towards competitiveness
The quality of livelihood should be raised by increasing the level of productivity in all sectors. This goal can be achieved by transforming the economy into a strong, resilient and competitive one, buttressed by science and technology. The strategy to be adopted is that of transforming the economy from a predominantly agricultural one with low productivity to a diversified and semi-industrialized economy with a modern rural sector and high productivity in agricultural production which generates reasonably high incomes and ensures food security and food self-sufficiency. The diversification of the economy must be based on a dynamic industrialization programme focused on local resource-based industries (agro-industries) and capable of meeting the needs of other sectors whilst continuously developing activities that have dynamic comparative advantages.
vii. Development of the capacity to anticipate and respond to external changes
The capacity to anticipate and effectively respond to external changes must be developed as a driving force in a world of changing market, technological and environmental conditions. High priority must be given to organizational learning and creativity in response to the challenges of nature (including disasters) and to developments in the regional and global economy.
4.3 Good Governance and the Rule of Law
Governance must be made an instrument for the promotion and realisation of development, equity, unity and peace buttressed by the rule of law and involving public participation in the war against corruption and other vices in society. Good governance must permeate the modalities of social organization, coordination and interaction for development. This can be achieved by an institutional framework which is capable of mobilizing all the capacities in society and coordinating action for development. Good governance must be cultivated by promoting the culture of accountability and by clearly specifying how incentives are provided for and related to performance and how sanctions are imposed.
The Prepared by: shamily saidi suleman WHO World Report on Violence and Health defines sexuEmail. shamilysaidi@gmail.com
O656 848274
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Chapisha Maoni